This book comprehensively reviews the association of homocysteine metabolism with the etiology of various human disorders The well defined chapters embedded the central and peripheral effects of homocysteine metabolism intricately related with cardiovascular neurodegenerative metabolic and autoimmune disorders Further it discusses the mechanisms of perturbance of cellular proteostasis by elevated homocysteine levels and provides a comprehensive account of pathophysiological consequences and clinical implications of homocysteine containing proteins The book also reviews association of genetic variants of homocysteine metabolic genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity It also describes the molecular mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia in the negative feedback regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and alterations in DNA methylation Taken together it summarizes the mechanisms of hyper homocysteinemia induced endothelial dysfunction and physiological functions of hydrogen sulfide as the protective agent